20 The Man, known as Adam, named his wife Eve because she was the mother of all the living.
=King James Version20And Adam called
his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. 新共同訳 創世記 / 3章 20節アダムは女をエバ(命)と名付けた。彼女がすべて命あるものの母となったからである。
語句
Named+目+補〈人を〉〈…と〉名づける What did they name him? 彼に何と名前をつけましたか.They named their baby Ronald. 彼らは赤ん坊にロナルドと名づけた.
Living [the 〜; 名詞的に; 複数扱い] 生者,生存者 in the land of the living (この世に)生きて, 生存して《★聖書「ヨブ記」から》.
17-19He
told the Man:
"Because you listened to your wife
and ate from the tree
That I commanded you not to eat from,
'Don't eat from this tree,'
The very ground is cursed because of you;
getting food from the ground
Will be as painful as having babies is for your wife;
you'll be working in pain all your life
long.
The ground will sprout thorns and weeds,
you'll get your food the hard way,
Planting and tilling and harvesting, sweating in the fields from dawn
to dusk,
Until you return to that ground yourself, dead and buried;
you started out as dirt, you'll end
up dirt."
語句
listened to〔…(の言うこと)を〕傾聴する,聞く He listened to me [to the music]. 彼は私の言葉に[その音楽に]耳を傾けた.I like to listen to the radio. ラジオを聞くのが好きだ.
Very まさしくその,ちょうどその,…にほかならない.
Cursedのろわれた,たたられた.
Painful苦痛を与える
Sprout〈芽を〉出させる,〈…に〉芽生えさせる
the hard way, 一番難しいやり方で He learned German the hard way. ドイツ語を一番難しいやり方で学んだ。
you'll get your food the hard way, Planting and tillingand harvesting,
sweating
in the fields from dawn to dusk,
Until you return to that ground yourself, dead and buried;
youstarted
out as dirt, you'll end up
dirt."
17And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy
wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt
not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of
it all the days of thy life; 18Thorns also and thistles shall it bring
forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field;19In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat
bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for
dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.
「親の七光りにあずかる」はride on one's father's [mother's]coattailsと表現します。
coattails:plural: the influence or pulling power of a popular movement or
person (as a political candidate) <congressmen riding
into office on the president's coattails>
16 He told the Woman:
"I'll multiply your pains in childbirth;
you'll give birth to your babies in
pain.
You'll want to please your husband,
but he'll lord it over you."
語句
Multiply〈…を〉増す,ふやす I could multiply instances. 例はいくらでも出せます.
Pains[複数形で] 骨折り,苦労.He did not take great pains. 彼はあまり努力しなかった.Try and take greater pains with your work. もっと仕事に精を出さなくてはいけません.
Childbirth出産,分娩 The mother died in childbirth. 母親はお産で死んだ.
16Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy
conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be
to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.
The message 14-15God told the serpent:
"Because you've done this, you're cursed,
cursed beyond all cattle and wild animals,
Cursed to slink on your belly
and eat dirt all your life.
I'm declaring war between you and the Woman,
between your offspring and hers.
He'll wound your head,
you'll wound his heel."
all your life a long [short] life 長[短]命.all one's life=in one's life 一生のうちに, 生まれてから(このかた).in early [middle] life 若い[中年の]ころ.all one's life (through)=throughout one's life 終世ずっと.
Declaring〈…を〉宣言する,布告する,公表する
Offspring[集合的にも用いて] (人・動物の)子; 子孫 “Is this your only offspring?"—“No, we
have three other offspring." 「こちらはあなたの一人っ子さんですか」「いいえ, ほかにまだ 3 人います」.
Wound(刃物・銃砲などで)〈人を〉傷つける
Heel尾部,末端; 末尾 the heel of one's palm 手のひらの手首に近い部分.
背景
the serpentは文字的には「蛇」; 象徴的に意味することは「サタン」である。蛇はサタンの手先である。
slink on your belly 一説によれば「蛇」は昔は「足」があったが、それが無くなった。動物学的に見るとその痕跡があるという。
war between you and the Woman,以前は「女」と「蛇」の関係は女が蛇を使って自分を飾った。首巻きに使ったり、腕輪にしたり、身体に蛇を這わせていた。そこでサタンが「蛇」を使って「女」を誘惑させた。その後は「敵対」関係になっていく。参考:ガラテヤの信徒への手紙/ 3章 16節ところで、アブラハムとその子孫に対して約束が告げられましたが、その際、多くの人を指して「子孫たちとに」とは言われず、一人の人を指して「あなたの子孫とに」と言われています。この「子孫」とは、キリストのことです。
King James Version
14And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this,
thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy
belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life:15And I will put enmity between thee and the
woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou
shalt bruise his heel.
13 "The serpent seduced me," she said, "and I
ate."
語句
Seduced(うまく言いくるめて)〈人を〉〔悪事などに〕誘い込む,(たぶらかして)〈人に〉〔…するように〕させるHis doctrines have
seduced a great many people into error. 彼の説は多くの人々を誤らせた. beguiled〈人を〉〔…で〕だます,欺く〔with; by〕. She beguiled him with false promises [by
telling him sweet lies]. 彼女はうその約束で[甘いうそをついて]彼をだました.
Did you eat from that tree I told
you not to eat from?" (The message)=Hast thou eaten of
the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?(KJV)
(The message)は過去形で(KJV)は現在完了。
King James Version
11And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the
tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?
8When they heard the sound of Godstrolling in
the garden in the evening breeze, the
Man and his Wife hid in the trees of the garden, hid from God.=King James Version8And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the
cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence
of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden.
背景
the sound of God 参考:詩編 / 29編 3節 主の御声は水の上に響く。栄光の神の雷鳴はとどろく。主は大水の上にいます。 4節 主の御声は力をもって響き/主の御声は輝きをもって響く。 5節 主の御声は杉の木を砕き/主はレバノンの杉の木を砕き 6節 レバノンを子牛のように/シルヨンを野牛の子のように躍らせる。7節 主の御声は炎を裂いて走らせる。 8節 主の御声は荒れ野をもだえさせ/主はカデシュの荒れ野をもだえさせる。9節 主の御声は雌鹿をもだえさせ/月満ちぬうちに子を産ませる。神殿のものみなは唱える/「栄光あれ」と。
in the evening breeze 参考:使徒言行録 / 2章 2節突然、激しい風が吹いて来るような音が天から聞こえ、彼らが座っていた家中に響いた。
7Immediately the two of them did
"see what's really going on"—saw themselves naked! They sewed
fig leaves together as makeshift clothes for themselves.
語句
Immediately直ちに,早速 I wrote him an answer immediately. 早速彼に返事を書いた.
Sewed〈衣服・靴などを〉縫って作る sew curtains カーテンを縫う.sew a buttonhole ボタンホールをかがる.
Makeshift間に合わせの,当座しのぎの a makeshift bookcase 間に合わせの本箱. as makeshift
clothes「腰を覆うもの」
構文
They sewed fig leaves together as makeshift clothes for themselves. =they sewed fig leaves together, and made
themselves aprons.「腰を覆うもの」
King James Version
7And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were
naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.
6 When the Woman saw that the tree looked like good
eating and realized what she would get out of it—she'd know everything!—she
took and ate the fruit and then gave some to her husband, and he ate.
ate the fruitは神への反逆。夫は喜んで妻のオファーを受ける。この夫婦は神に対して同じ罪を犯している。
構文
the tree looked like good
eating=the tree was good
for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes,「いかにもおいしそうで、目を引き付け」
and realized what she would get out of it—she'd
know everything!「それからもぎ取った物をはっきり理解した。彼女は全てを知っていた。」
King James Version
6And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was
pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of
the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he
did eat.
4-5 The serpent told the Woman, "You won't die. God
knows that the moment you eat from that tree, you'll see what's really going
on. You'll be just like God, knowing everything, ranging all the way from
good to evil."
You won't die.「絶対に死なない」=Ye
shall not surely die:話し手のwillで「あなたを死なせない」「あなたが死ぬことはあり得ないし、私はそうさせない」
knowing everything, ranging all the way from good to evil."Everythingをより具体的に述べている。
King James Version
4And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye
shall not surely die: 5For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall
be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.「善悪を知るものとなること」
2-3The
Woman said to the serpent, "Not at all. We can eat from the trees in the
garden. It's only about the tree in the middle of the garden that God said,
'Don't eat from it; don't even touch it or you'll die.'"
背景
God said, “ you may freely eat.” The woman said, “we may eat.”彼女の言葉には腹一杯食べてよいとなっていない。またyou shall surely dieという神の言葉を彼女はsurelyを除いた。
構文
We can eat from the trees in
the garden.=We may
eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: 「果実を食べてもよいのです」米語ではcanにmayの意味で使う。
'Don't eat from it; don't even touch it or you'll die.'"=Ye shall not eat of it,
neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.「触れてもいけない、死んではいけないから」or you'll die.'「~すれば~になる。」←→lest ye die.「~しないように」
King James Version
2And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the
fruit of the trees of the garden:3But of the fruit of the tree which is in the
midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye
touch it, lest ye die.
1 The serpent was clever, more clever than
any wild animal God had
made. He spoke to the Woman: "Do I understand that God told
you not to eat from any tree in the garden?"
語句
Serpentヘビ《★【解説】エデンの園 (Eden) で Eve を誘惑して禁断の木の実を食べさせたのが serpent; 陰険で悪意を秘めたというイメージがある》.
1Now the serpent was more subtil than any
beast of the field which the LORD God had made. And he said unto the woman,
Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?
The message 23-25The Man said,
"Finally! Bone of my bone,
flesh of my flesh!
Name her Woman
for she was made from Man." Therefore a man leaves his
father and mother and embraces his wife. They become one flesh.
The two of them, the Man and his Wife, were
naked, but they felt no shame.
語句
Finally最終的に,決定的に The matter is not yet finally settled. その問題はまだ全部解決してはいない.
Leaves〈場所を〉去る,出る,出発する People had to leave their towns and villages. 人々は自分の町や村をあとにしなければならなかった.We leave London tomorrow. 明日ロンドンをたちます.
Embraces〈人を〉(愛情をもって)抱擁する; 抱き締める They embraced each other. 二人は抱き合った.
Naked〈身体(の一部)が〉裸の,裸体の naked to the waist 上半身裸で.go naked 裸で暮らす.
Shame恥ずかしい思い,恥ずかしさ; 羞恥(しゆうち)心 in shame 恥じて.He has no shame. 彼は恥知らずだ.
構文
embraces his wife. They become one flesh. =shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.「男は父母を離れて女と結ばれ、二人は一体となる。」
King James Version
23And
Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be
called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. 24Therefore shall a
man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they
shall be one flesh. 25And they were both naked, the man and his
wife, and were not ashamed.
21-22God put the Man into a deep sleep.
As he slept he removed one of his ribs and replaced it with
flesh. God then used the rib that
he had taken from the Man to make Woman and presented her to the Man.
語句
Removed〔…から〕〈ものを〉取り除く remove a person's name from the list 名簿から人の名を除去する.
Replaced〈…を〉〔…と〕取り替える,交換する〔with,by〕. replace butter with [by] margarine バターの代わりにマーガリンを使う.
the rib【解】肋骨(ろつこつ), あばら骨
presented〈…を〉〔…に〕提出する,差し出す〔to〕; 〈…に〉〔…を〕提出する,〔with〕They presented a petition to the
authorities. 彼らは当局に請願書を提出した.The builder presented his bill to me.=The builder presented me with his bill. 工務店は私に請求書を差し出した[送ってよこした].
背景
the ribはヘブル語では「側」という意味である。アダムの一部から取ってイブを造った。
構文
Godput the Man into a deep sleep.=the LORD God caused a deep sleep
to fall upon Adam,「人を深い眠りに落とされた」
As he slept he
removed one of his ribs and replaced it with flesh.=he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed
up the flesh instead thereof;「人が眠り込むと、あばら骨の一部を抜き取り、その跡を肉でふさがれた。」
King James Version
21And
the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took
one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; 22And the
rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her
unto the man.
18-20God said, "It's not good for
the Man to be alone; I'll make him a helper, a companion."
So God formed from the dirt of the
ground all the animals of the field and all the birds of the air. He brought
them to the Man to see what he would name them. Whatever the Man called
each living creature, that was its name. The Man named the cattle, named the
birds of the air, named the wild animals; but he didn't find a suitable
companion.
語句
Aloneただひとりで,孤独で I was [We were] alone. 私[我々]きりだった.I found him all alone. 見ると彼はまったくひとりぼっちだった.
Helper助ける人; 手伝い人,助手; 救助人.
companion(ある行動を共にし親密な関係にある)仲間; 友
name〈…に〉名をつける,命名する name a newborn child 生まれた子に名をつける.
Suitable〔…に〕適した[て], ふさわしい[くて] 〔for,to〕 a suitable apartment for a family of four 4
人家族に適したアパート.This present is suitable for a girl of ten.
この贈り物は 10 歳の女の子向きだ.
背景
a suitable companion. =an help meet for him「自分に合う助ける者」「helpmate 1 協力者,仲間. 2 内助者,配偶者; (特に)妻.」の起源を示している。
the Man to be aloneは人類の発展には良くない。人間の繁栄には良くない。
King James Version
18And
the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him
an help meet for him. 19And out of the ground the LORD God formed
every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam
to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living
creature, that was the name thereof. 20And Adam gave names to
all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but
for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.
16-17God commanded the Man, "You
can eat from any tree in the garden, except from the
Tree-of-Knowledge-of-Good-and-Evil. Don't eat from it. The moment you
eat from that tree, you're dead."
語句
The momentthe (very) 〜; 接続詞的に] …した[する]瞬間に,…するやいなや《★【用法】 that を伴うことがあるが,通例略される》
構文
you're dead「必ず死んでしまう。」King James Versionthou shalt surely die. となっている。
背景
can eat 十二分食べられる。
you're dead.は(1)肉体的に死ぬ。(2)精神的に死ぬ。→神から遠ざかる。神に反抗する。
King James Version
16And
the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest
freely eat: 17But of the
tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the
day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
10-14
A river flows out of Eden to water the garden and from there dividesinto four rivers. The first is named Pishon; it flows through Havilah
where there is gold. The gold of this land is good. The land is also known for
a sweet-scented resin and the onyx stone. The second river is
named Gihon; it flows through the land of Cush. The third river is named
Hiddekel and flows east of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates.
語句
Flows〈液体・川などが〉(絶え間なく)流れる; 流れ出る,わき出る
Water〈川などが〉〈作物・畑などに〉灌漑(かんがい)する; 給水する
Divides〈川・道などが〉〔二つ以上に〕分かれる,割れる〔into〕
Resin樹脂,松やに
Onyx【鉱】しまめのう,オニックスギリシャ語から; 色が「つめ」に似ていることから
背景
A riverの登場は肥沃な土地が存在することを示唆している。
Edenは命を与える園。
Cush.はエチオピアか。
King James Version
10And
a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted,
and became into four heads. 11The name of the first is Pison:
that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;
12And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the
onyx stone. 13And the name of the second river is Gihon: the
same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. 14And
the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east
of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.
8-9 Then
Godplanted a garden in
Eden, in the east. He put the Man he had just made in it. God made all kinds of trees grow
from the ground, trees beautiful to look at and good to eat. The Tree-of-Life
was in the middle of the garden, also the Tree-of-Knowledge-of-Good-and-Evil.
語句
Planted〈都市・教会・植民地などを〉〔…に〕創立[建設]するplant a colony 植民地を建設する.
Put〈もの・人を〉(ある位置・立場に)置く This case will put him in a serious
position. この事件は彼を容易ならない立場に追いこむことになるだろう.
Grow〔…から〕生える,育つ Plants grow from seeds. 植物は種子から生長する.
構文
Godmade all kinds of trees grow from the ground, trees
beautiful to look at and good to eat.Made O growは使役のmake。trees beautiful(形容詞)to look at (不定詞)and good(形容詞) to eat(不定詞)の構文に注意。
背景
a gardenとは「果物園」
Edenはヘブル語では「快楽」の意味。
trees beautiful to look at and good to eat.は「食欲をそそる」を表現している。
The Tree-of-Lifeとは「生命を与える果物」の木で、「生き生きしている樹木」の意味ではない。
King James Version
8And
the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom
he had formed. 9And out of the ground made the LORD God to
grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of
life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and
evil.
5-7 At the time God made Earth and Heaven, before any
grasses or shrubs had sprouted from the ground—God
hadn't yet sent rain on Earth, nor was there anyone around to work the
ground (the whole Earth was watered by underground springs)—God formed
Man out of dirt from the ground and blew into his nostrils the breath of life. The Man
came alive—a livingsoul!